Black Beauty Essay Example For Students

Dark Beauty Essay Influential essayWould you like to find a lucrative line of work? At that point you have to go to class. Without training you cannot find a get decent line of work. Instruction is the thing that you need. Training is an extraordinary achievement. An advanced education can get you a more lucrative Job. Without cash you cannot get things, and Without instruction you would be working at McDonalds or something, on the off chance that you had a training you could be something better, presently on the off chance that You need to be a legal counselor you need a degree. That is the reason training significant. Getting instruction is the thing that the keen activity is. Dont misunderstand me however its difficult to get instruction. I think the principle motivation behind why individuals drop out is on the grounds that they most likely get exhausted and cant take it going to class. As far as I can tell is you place in your mind that when you escape montage your going to get an incredible lucrative occupation. I ensure that in the event that you get training you will find a lucrative line of work. Presently dont you need a lucrative occupation?

Credit analysis of potential customers of IBM Global Financing - Dissertation

Credit examination of potential clients of IBM Global Financing - Current status evaluation and suggestions for future improvement - Dissertation Example Furthermore, it has additionally hurried the credit endorsement procedure to a limited capacity to focus is deficient to precisely show up at an image of the credit circumstance of the Company. This report looks at the dangers presented in the issue of credit and in financing plans, and furthermore analyzes various types of credit models, applying them with regards to IBM Global, to inspect its credit examination process and propose proposals to improve the adequacy of the FICO score process. Part ONE Point and Objective of this Study: The ongoing budgetary emergency that has influenced a large portion of the world economies featured the grave issues that can emerge when credit and financing courses of action are gone into unpredictably, without a thorough credit examination framework set up. IBM Global Financing is one arm of IBM that guides and helps credit commendable customers to build up a far reaching venture procedure by offering them financing choices for acquisition of new IT hardware, or rent of gear and different applications. This examination proposes to look at the significance of evaluating the danger of credit default hazard and going into a conversation of credit chance models, with the goal that they can be applied with regards to the credit investigation process that is being used at IBM Global Financing. ... he IT frameworks that are as of now in presence at different associations all around the globe are inheritance frameworks that are not, at this point ideal and successful regarding usefulness in a quick paced worldwide condition. IBM Global Financing helps a few organizations and organizations to procure IT arrangements that can assist with addressing the necessities of the organizations in the most productive and practical way conceivable. It offers various types of financing choices to address the novel needs of a specific association and to push the said associations to likewise deal with their advantages and income as they carry on the way toward improving and upgrading their IT frameworks. The Company doesn't only offer It gear at appealing financing rates, it additionally offers key financing for organizations to have the option to get by in the current brutal monetary atmosphere that has tormented pretty much every area of the globe. The Company gives significant help to compa nies in IT utilizing, initiating directly from the earliest starting point of the procedure when the choice is made to execute improved IT arrangements. The enterprises in questions are offered alternatives to expand their buying power, offered budgetary impetuses and concessions as they execute and utilize the said frameworks and furthermore in the removal of IT frameworks when they are not, at this point compelling or when they are redesigned by better frameworks. The customers of IBM Global Financing are helped during the time spent creation the correct choices. IBM Global Financing in this manner offers short and long haul credits, both for end clients just as joining forces alternatives, offering financing based on portion installment plans, renting choices or using figuring models, which are all equipped towards furnishing clients with a financially savvy choice to

Pricing Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluating Problem - Essay Example The advancement of a pre-exchange plan that doesn't mirror any sort of thorough investigation, evaluation and assessment through component of cost will reduce the achievement of getting a sensible and reasonable cost. Where there is a takeoff from the set up exchange objective, the reminder of the value arrangement ought perceive the arranged outcomes as well as repeat a similar degree of meticulousness and seriousness in the assessment, appraisal and reason for its acknowledgment. Without adequate value rivalry, the contracting official ought to apply and report in the pre-exchange plan the diagnostic and methodical procedures that will help assess whether a proposed cost is sensible and reasonable. The pre-arrangement plan is an official archive and endorsement of the exchange goals of the contracting officials with respect to valuing, business, mechanical and legally binding issues. It archives the relevant issues and issues to be arranged and the targets of cost and a benefit or expense objective. Because of the way that it fills in as an establishment of the arrangement, the pre-exchange plan should totally clarify the places of the legislature and the contractual worker. The layout, which is incorporated as Attachment-An, is given to help contracting officials in the assessment of their arrangement goals when cost investigation is important to help exchanges. â€Å"Contracting exercises are supported, through usage level systems, to set up extra layouts that are progressively lined up with the particular needs of their association and procurements† (â€Å"Negotiation Documentation: Pre-Negotiation Plan and the Price Negotiation Memorandum†). Totally clarify the discoveries and suggestions of the evaluators, reviewers and others giving warning help, establishments of their discoveries and the degree to which they were engaged with the

Review on Disciplinary Power Theory - 1925 Words

Review on Disciplinary Power Theory (Book Review Sample) Content: NameTutorInstitutionDateShould disciplinary power (Foucault) be seen as an extension of the three-dimensional model of power or as a quite different understanding of power?Michel Foucault, a French postmodernist developed the disciplinary power theory. The theory commonly referred to as Foucault, describes power as diffuse. This model compares power to something that is persuasive and dispersive. In his thinking, power is among the people and not accumulated among the ruling elite. The three- dimensional model of power on the other hand, was developed by Steven Lukes in 1974. His idea of power is when a Person A makes decisions that will negatively affect the interests of person B. This paper seeks to outline the concepts of disciplinary power that set it apart from the three-dimensional model of power. The paper also seeks to highlight the aspects of the Foucault model that make it an extension of the three-dimensional model of power.Foucault contradicts the traditio nal belief that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"power is held by a group of people and works mostly by coercionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. He compares power to something that is everywhere. Power is everywhere and everybody has power in his/her own capacity. He gives the example of an oppressive boss. In the workplace, the boss has immense power over the workers. However, if the workers unite to form trade unions, they will have power over the boss (Knowledge/power.p 123). In this scenario, the power to force the boss into fulfilling the workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ wishes lies the workers only that it is in a different from that found in their bosses. This model goes on to say power is found everywhere ranging from schools, churches and the public. This understanding of power is different from the first dimension of power which states that power is exercised by individuals who have the ability to change the behavior of others through the decision making process. Using the example of the workplace, the boss will make decisi ons that will influence the behavior of the employees. If the boss decided that there would be no more late- coming, all the employees will change their behavior to ensure that they arrive on time.In his book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the history of Sexualityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Foucault says that Power is not something that is acquired, passed on or seized (94-95). He further notes, power cannot be held onto or even slip away. This description sets the discovery model apart from the three-dimensional model of power which depicts power as something that can be passed down from one generation to another. "Power is exercised from innumerable sources in the inter-play of nonegalitarian and mobile relations" (p. 94). This statement is contrary to the first dimension of power that inconclusively claims that power is obtained from the decision making process- one who is able to make decisions that will influence the behavior of others, has power. In Foucaultà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s model, power does not have to emanate from the decision-making process or ability to change peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s behavior alone. Power comes from numerous sources and in various forms. Power comes from below hence no struggles between the rulers and the ruled."Perhaps too, we should abandon the idea that knowledge can only exist where power relations are suspended" (Foucault, p. 27). Power encourages knowledge and not only because it serves its interests. Foucault further writes, the political investment of the body and the microphysics of power presupposes therefore abandoning the violence-ideology opposition. It is the same concept that raises the question of whether penal codes control the body or the soul. Foucault gives the example of Damiens torture in his book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Discipline and Punishà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ (p.3-6). Damiens was condemned to make the amende honorable before the main door of the church in 1757. After that, he was to be quartered by four inexperienced horses. In this type of torture, the limbs of the accused were tied to four horses. The horses were then made to pull in four different directions such that the body of the condemned disintegrated into pieces. However, Damiensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ day of condemnation, they used four inexperienced horses. The writer indicates that they had to use an additional two horses to pull Damiens into pieces. Although he was a constant swearer, he uttered no blasphemous word during the entire torture. In contrast, he kept uttering the name of God to the amazement of many. The story shows that the body can be a very strong source of power. In the 16th Century, the power of the body was used to control behavior. Even then, the list of offenders never went down. This shows that the body is not a very effective tool of power-some people are able to overcome it.According to Foucaultà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s book on discipline, the idea of discipline itself functions as an idea of power from any individual (p.194). Discipline is the power to do the appropriate thing even when the heart desires something else. "The art of punishing in the disciplinary power regime is aimed at neither repression nor precisely at expatiation." (p.182). Discipline refers individual actions into a field of comparison, a space of differentiation and a rule worth following. Discipline will determine the accuracy with which people will follow rules. Those with a higher power of discipline are likely to follow the law to the letter. On the other, those with a low power (discipline) are bound to fall into temptation and act against the law to suit their interests. Discipline serves the following purposes in Foucaultà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s model of power. 1 It measures in quantitative terms, the abilities, levels and nature of individulas. 2 It introduces the constraints of a conformity that needs to be achieved through value- giving. 3 It traces the limit which will define the relation differences to the external frontier of the abnormal.Alternatively, Foucaultà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s disciplinary model is an extension of the three-dimensional model of power. Foucault admits that there must be resistance in power (History of Sexuality, p. 95). More often than not, the resistance is usually form within the power. The resistance can take the form of rebellion, refusal or revolt. Resistances are not necessarily a result of failed promises. They are bound to happen in any setting of power. This is because not everybody will be satisfied with the position of power. Worth noting is the fact that these resistances are occasionally massive ruptures or radical. More often than not, they are transitory and mobile resistances that cleavage the core of the society thereby creating small dissimilar groupings that were one unified. Codification of these small resistances is what leads to a massive revolution such as the one addressed in the second dimension of the three- dimensional theory of power. According to Steven Lukeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s second dimension of power, the powerful group will pr event the public airing of conflicts in policy. In Lukeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s model, there is resistance too and only the powerful ones can stamp it out. However, resistance in this model may be eruptive unlike in Foucaultà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s theory. Foucaultà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s theory is an extension of the three-dimensional model of power in that it addresses the passive resistances in a community while the second dimension addresses conflicts in policy.The use of the body as a tool of power is reinforcing discipline is also another extension of the third dimension of power. According to Lukeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s three- dimensional model of power, the third dimension states that, "sometimes people may act willingly to what may be contrary to their most primary interests." In this dimension, the powerful are able to transform the weak to behave in a way they pre...

Reasons For The Financial Markets Existence Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2514 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The statement in question is also one of the features and probably a very important function of the global financial system. If the system aligns the need of the deficit unit with the surplus, then the systemic failings of global magnitude are presumed to be unlikely. This is probably why there are certain methodologies of operations adopted in the system which would holds the statement true and would help prevent any unforeseen event. However, the past decade has proven otherwise. It has challenged all assumptions and brought about a change in the system which would have never been imagined. The recent financial crisis has taught many lessons which have been transformed into thousands of books offering different explanations to one simple question, what went wrong? There are two distinct groups in an economy. Firstly, the one who have surplus funds more than their expenditure and the other whose expenditure are more than their sources of income. The former are known as surplus agents while the latter as deficit agents. These two groups are critical factors in an economy. The surplus agents comprises of firms and individuals whose motive to save funds is to meet future needs or come out best during any unforeseen circumstance. Even the investment decisions made by the surplus agents would be in a product which provides them a suitable combination of liquidity, returns and protection again inflation (Pilbeam, 2005). On the other hand, Deficit agents comprises of individuals, firms, government agencies whose motive for borrowing funds are diverse and wide. The investment made by the deficit agents takes a longer time to yield profits for the firm hence they require long term funding for their investments. The investments made by deficit agents are particularly risky hence, many firms are keen to raise finance through the means of equity whereby shares are offered to the public for subscription and the return to the holders of the equity depends upon the profitability of the firm. Individuals borrow to fund expenses which are above their current sources of income. The need of deficit agents is met by the surplus agents through financial intermediaries. The primary role of the financial intermediaries is to assist in transfer of funds from the surplus agents to the deficit agents. During the process of transfer there are several economic functions that the intermediary undertakes (Pilbeam, 2005). Transformation of Risk A financial intermediary pools together the funds from the surplus agents and allocates them to deficit agents. Effective risk reduction and cost effectiveness is achieved when the process is carried through a financial intermediary. Provisioning Liquidity High degree of liquidity if required by the surplus agents. Provisioning of liquidity is one of the important functions carried out by the intermediary. Provisioning the mechanism of making payments Financial intermediaries like bank and non bank financial intermediaries facilitate transfer of cash between the agents. Effectiveness of the payment systems is important for the sound health of the modern economy. Maturity transformation A financial intermediary like a commercial bank would be involved in converting short term liabilities into long term loans for deficit agents from surplus agents. Diversifying the fund allocate reduces risks and allows predictability of inflow and outflow of funds. Reducing costs Surplus agents lack adequate resources to look for deficit agents and analyse their financial history. Entering into contractual obligations can cause considerable economies on scale for the surplus agents. Hence, they look upto the financial intermediary who have the specialized knowledge and skill to serve the surplus agents. Mishkin and Eakins (2006) discuss that financial intermediaries can substantially reduce transaction costs that can be defined as the time and money spent in perfor ming financial transactions for instance the exchange of assets, goods or services. For the sound functioning of the modern economy, Financial Intermediaries play a very important role. Through the medium of the intermediary, transfer process is carried out in cost effective and a secured manner. Though with the advent of modern technology, the benefit of cost saving that an intermediary provides has become redundant, its still the market expertise and knowledge base that make the role of a financial intermediary ever so important. The recent financial crisis which was termed which was probably the worst crisis since the great depression bought out several weaknesses in the financial systems that existed. Even though, there were early warning signs, the savings and loan disaster which resulted in over one thousand banks failing due to bad economic policies. After which the dot com bubble which bought out just how irrational investments by the financial institutions can cost de ar. During the year 1998, a company called Long Term Capital Management which had equity of just $5billion; borrowed over $125 billion demonstrating how one fund can put an entire financial system at risk. Is it right to blame the financial intermediaries or the regulators or the government for the mess that had a propelling effect all over the world? During the meeting in 2004 between the regulators, Security Exchange Commission in the US and five major investment banks, a demand was made from the banks to gain exemption from the limitation on debt that they could have on their balance sheet, this demand was then accepted which resulted in investment in a riskier investment called the credit default swaps or CDS. Companies took on huge amount of debt. Bear Stearns had a leverage ratio of 1:34 (Kolb, 2010) which meant that it held $1 equity for every $34 of the debt. The mortgage industry was eventually not under the control of the fed and allowed borrowing to individuals with little money. The term coined for this kind of arrangement was NINJA loans (No Income, No Jobs or Assets). CDS was introduced initially to insure investors against bind risk but then it became a speculative instrument which became Toxic on the balance sheets of all major banks which were caught in the financial turmoil. Insurance was bought and sold for a fraction of an amount by the investors like the hedge funds only for speculative purposes. Insurance contracts were sold by banks and reported as income while there did not exist any regulatory oversight for the risk which was been taken by the banks. The risky activity of the bank bought about a southward pressure on the CDS while affected its pricing. When the prices of the CDS went own, hedge funds bought it at a cheaper rate one word which could describe the financial crisis in Paradox (Marthinsen, 2010). The trigger for the crisis was the subprime mortgage defaults. This was because funds were given to borrowers who were n ot creditworthy and had high probability of default. Low interest rates and huge inflows of funds into the country made it easy for the borrowers to borrow and lenders to lend. When more people borrowed money to buy houses, the demand of property increased. As mortgage was given against the property and there was increase in property prices, agents were asked to find potential buyers so that more money can be disbursed. Loans were given to people who had high probability of default and were deemed as Sub Prime Loans. Greed at this period of time had spread like wildfire. Since the prices of homes continued to increase, many homeowners refinanced their debt by taking on new debts (Refinance their house) with lower interest rates and attractive conditions even when they knew interest rates might rise after an initial period. However, the bubble bursts as the inventory of house were just too many and this eventually led to decline in the property prices. Homeowners were unable to re finance and began defaulting on their loans which were reset to high interest rates and payment amounts. Homes were worth less then their mortgages. This led to foreclosures. This further reduced the prices of the property and real estate market in America went down. This was just not the local problem of United States. Had this process remained between lenders and borrowers then it would have been a local problem. Sub Prime lending was a very lucrative business as interest earned on loans made under this category gave 2% interest higher than normal loans would and in the event borrower default then the lender could on the assumption sell the property at higher rate. The stock markets were booming and there was enough liquidity in the system to attract investors as this business model was lucrative and it seemed that nothing could go wrong with this. Big American and European investment banks and institutions heavily bought these loans called as Mortgage Backed Securities (MBS). Now , the problem was not just confined to US but spread almost across the globe. Ideally this investment vehicle was lucrative till the time house prices soared and remained at higher levels. But when the property prices started declining and loan interest rising, borrowers could not manage the second mortgage on their house and eventually led to defaulting on payments which then led to foreclosure. The loan amount exceeded the value of the property. There was no option remaining but to write of these loans. The problem became worse when prices of CDOs of American and European Investment banks started to fall. Banks capital was destroyed and portfolio was eroded. Banks like Lehmann brothers, Merrill Lynch, Bank of American suffered heavily during the crisis and had to be bailed out. Mortgage issuers require funding themselves to give money to borrowers. Funding can be achieved through external borrowing of maturity which is variable. Financial institutions were facing shortage of sh ort term funds before and after the crisis due to diminishing liquidity in the financial position. Another source of funding is the funds from retail banks who receive the money from customer who deposit into the bank for earning interest. Such funds can be withdrawn by the customer with minimum notice. This is what happened when many customers of northern rock withdrew money from the bank when there was media hype about northern rock approaching the bank of England for short term loan facility. Northern rock had troubles in the money market where it needed money to fund its short term obligations. The global banking communities became very risk averse because of the crisis and were pulling out of assets which were even remotely considered risky. The banking inter bank market froze the world over. Liquidity was frozen and the crisis became not just memorable for all the above reasons but for the fact that such huge proportions of losses and events were never imagined. Decades ear lier a run on the bank was characterized by customers physically lining up outside the bank to withdraw money. The run can be plugged by government an initiative which requires lot of money to be pumped into the system. The same is discussed briefly in the next section. The US economy is a mixed economy where certain regulatory functions are performed by the government. Banks are different in this concern. The bloodstream of the economy is provided by the bank where people deposit their savings and expect help from the bank for individual needs or purposes. US had learned a lesson from the crisis in 1930s that an adequate measure needs to be taken by the government when people are losing their savings. There lies a moral risk when the government rescues the bank as some believe that this gives bank a free hand to take undue risk which is beyond their capabilities. But the governments usually have adequate measures to make sure that the same mistakes dont happen again as US govern ment had during the most recent financial crisis. One of the measures that the US government facilitated the take over of bear sterns by JP Morgan. In another example the government offered $100 billion bail out package to AIG insurance group at a very high interest rate. They have also taken over 80% of shareholding in the company, more like punishing the shareholders for getting it all wrong. Freddie Mac and Fannie may were taken over even though they were considered to be US government agencies as it became necessary to protect millions of house owners in the US. The question then arises is whether why was Lehmann brothers allowed to fail while other given the support. May be because its situation had been worse for quite some time now and this way plenty of warning was given to institutions with which it had dealings. The rescue plan that the fed had introduced was to make the banks come in a position where they could generate higher level of lending. The US treasury formu lated a three step process for assessing the banks hit during the crisis. All the banks had to undergo a Stress Test where it would be seen if the banks had adequate capital for them to continue lending. This test was carried out to ascertain if the banks could remain solvent if the situation worsens from the current situation they were in. Under the Capital Assistance Program, treasury would take position in the bank in terms of equity in the form of preference shares in the banks which were receiving money under the CAP. Fund Managers would then look after the trusts which have been placed by the treasury. The main motives behind lending can be summarized as follows: Get the toxic assets out of the balance sheet of the bank and getting it up and running again Restore flow of credit again by boosting lending to businesses and consumers Monitoring the money which have been pumped into system and make sure it is used for the purpose it is intended for Prevent foreclosures and make flexible terms for borrowers with higher mortgages so that they could afford payment without facing any financial burden. Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP), an initiative by Obama is one of the measures was introduced to help borrowers make payments and save their homes. Improving small business lending and community bank lending The recent financial crisis challenged the rules of a free economy and capitalism. Rule books were re written after understanding and learning from the mistakes which were committed by certain greedy institutes which were the reason behind the mess. Even though, the economy today seems to improving from the downtrend it noticed, there are many more lessons to be learned into the course. Emerging economies like India and China were probably the silver lining in the sky during the crisis and still continue to perform at phenomenal growth rates which the rest of the world reels under negative growth numbers. The economy of the future would be more sensitive to risks as the age of tax havens and regulatory arbitage would have been passed. But for the time being, the economies which were seriously affected during the crisis are at the end, are away from being an economy where were driven by unstable bubble and unsustainable bubble after another. From the above, it can appropriately summarized that the statement of unlikely failures if the surplus and deficit units are aligned together cannot be taken on face value as there are many factors and conditions that can cause an influence. Don’t waste time! 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The Problem Of Business Management - 739 Words

Business management is a diverse field with lots of different ways on how to manage either someone or something. A manager would have to control the whole of what a person does or an entire company to make sure that everything is going correctly with no defaults. Being a brand manager includes the knowledge on how to satisfy a vast variety of people for the brand they are representing to actually achieve within it. Data is excruciatingly important to any direction when it comes to the responsibility they hold, a minor mistake can make a huge difference. Managing data seems difficult, but managing the privacy within the accounts, â€Å"without making the data inaccessible and unusable† (Burns, Businesses Look for Tech Solutions to Big Data Security Issues) has to be taken into precaution when it is being stored within internet access. With new ways to reach information, it has become difficult to understand and limit who sees it and what information they will be seeing without them exposing it to others. A person s â€Å"Social Security numbers or other sensitive information† (Burns) can be found and used to get profit for themselves or for someone else. According to Signe et al. about â€Å"80% of information created and used by the enterprise is the unstructured data† that still does not have a specific usage but can be used as optimizing purpose. An analyst will take the position to track patterns and unusual patterns if needed or for contingency with different transaction systemsShow MoreRelatedBusiness Management Problem Identification of atT1095 Words   |  5 PagesProblem Identification Paper Legendary management consultant Peter Drucker once said, So much of what we call management consists in making it difficult for people to work. 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Killing Bear by Judith Mintys free essay sample

Pity the Bear in Judith Mintys story, Killing the Bear Pity the Bear in Judith Mintys story, Killing the Bear Judith Mintys story, Killing the Bear, is a rather chilling tale about a woman who shoots a bear to death. The story is not merely a simple account of the incident however. It is full of stories and facts about bears, which affect how the reader reacts to the story. In the beginning, the reader expects the bear to be portrayed as a cold-blooded monster who must be killed for the safety of the primary character however this expectation is foiled throughout the story and the reader sees the bear in a very different light.  [tags: Minty Killing the Bear Essays] Dealing with Loss in Killing the Bear Dealing with Loss in Killing the Bear Often things that we experience as children have lasting affects on us that creep up when we least expect them. We will write a custom essay sample on Killing Bear by Judith Mintys or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Judith Mintys story Killing the Bear, a woman finds herself in just such a situation. She finally deals with something that happened to her as a young child that she probably never even realized was bothering her. In this story the central character painfully comes to grips with a major loss of security from her childhood. Throughout Killing the Bear the author flips back and forth from the story at hand and seemingly only loosely related anecdotes about the main character and bears. [tags: Minty Killing the Bear Essays Killing the Bear The Killing of Me; A Reader Response of Judith Mintys Killing the Bear Judith Minty’s story, â€Å"Killing the Bear,† is the about a woman who commits murder against her sexual self. Although, she wants to move on with life, she realizes that she must kill this bear in order to be a peace w Pity the Bear in Judith Mintys story, Killing the Bear Judith Mintys story, Killing the Bear, is a rather chilling tale about a woman who shoots a bear to death. The story is not merely a simple account of the incident however. It is full of stories and facts about bears, which affect how the reader reacts to the story. In the beginning, the reader expects the bear to be portrayed as a cold-blooded monster who must be killed for the safety of the primary character however this expectation is foiled throughout the story and the reader sees the bear in a very different light. Due to the stories and facts given about bears throughout the story, the reader comes to pity the bear, but most will still acknowledge the necessity of killing him. The beginning of the story seems very quiet and peaceful. It sets up a scene many people would be familiar with. Even the story about the dog is one most people who have ever owned a house pet would instantly recognize. The woman does seem very vulnerable, however. She is outside in a hammock and the dog seems very little help since she ended up more his protector than the other way around (2). The second section sets up frightening images of animals, but they are all in the zoo, so they pose no threat. Yet, this still sustains the readers original expectation of the bear being a threatening animal. Of all the zoo animals described, the bear seems the most harmless, yet she is still afraid of it. The reader has not been shown any danger yet, but there is still a sense of something about to happen. The only bear we have seen is a bundle of clothes by [a] dead tree (5) in a cage at the zoo. The third section of the story returns the reader to the calm security, but then quickly sends the tone of the story into a frenzy. These constant tone changes show the reader how strong and resourceful the woman is, but it also shows us how she can be thrown into a panic easily. We come to have little confidence in the main characters ability to react well if a dangerous situation arises. Throughout the story, Killing the Bear, the reader is given a number of side notes about bears and the womans experience with them. The most interesting of the womans experiences with bears is the story about her stuffed bear. Anyone who had a toy that they carried around all the time as a child will be able to relate to her attachment to her toy bear. These readers will be able to understand how devastating the loss of such a toy would be to a child. This story of the stuffed bear also gives the reader some compassion for bears. The author then gives descriptions of some beliefs about bears from various cultures. All of these beliefs involve somehow humanizing bears, which makes the reader sympathize even more with bears. We see them as very human creatures with human needs. This becomes particularly evident when we read about a man who brings a lost bear cub home to his wife who suckled it (19). Immediately following these soft, personified images of bears, we are given a series of very harsh, violent images of bears. The author describes bears as cold-blooded killers, which removes some of the compassion for bears. At this point in the story, what we are supposed to feel for the bears seems rather contradictory. Why does she make us feel compassion for cold-blooded killers? As the story of the woman continues, the tone is again changed. The calm remains, but now it is a quiet fear. As the woman buys the rifle, the salesman tells her she could get a man with it at twenty yards (26). She doesnt intend to shoot a man however; she intends to shoot a bear. This again turns the bear into a man. When the bear physically appears in the story again, he is screaming. The verb to scream conveys more of a human feeling than an animal one. The human images continue through the death of the bear. Because of these images, the reader comes to feel sorry for the bear. Even in death, he huddles like a frightened child. The readers sympathies are firmly with the bear. The author changes abruptly in the last sentence. The bear suddenly becomes a bear again as the author says, She will dig him up to take the claws (42). This story does not frustrate the readers expectations, but it changes them as the story moves along. The readers sympathies change from centering on the woman to centering on the bear. The bear is personified throughout the story, and even referred to as he rather than it. This causes the reader to feel sorry for the bear in the end, but even the most sympathetic readers would most likely acknowledge that they would have done the same thing in killing the bear. u